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Lipoma Removal

Lipomas are common, benign tumours composed of fat tissue that typically develop just beneath the skin. Although generally harmless, lipomas can sometimes cause discomfort, pain, or cosmetic concerns, leading individuals to seek removal.

What is a Lipoma?

A lipoma is a soft, rubbery lump of fatty tissue that grows slowly between the skin and the underlying muscle layer. Lipomas are usually non-cancerous and rarely transform into malignant tumours. They can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the shoulders, neck, back, abdomen, arms, and thighs. Lipomas are typically small, ranging from 1 to 3 centimetres in diameter, but they can grow larger.

The exact cause of lipomas is not well understood, but several factors may contribute to their development:

  • Genetics: Lipomas often run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Certain genetic conditions, such as familial multiple lipomatosis, can increase the likelihood of developing multiple lipomas.
  • Trauma: Physical trauma or injury to a specific area can sometimes trigger the growth of a lipoma, although this is not common.
  • Age: Lipomas are most frequently diagnosed in middle-aged adults, typically between the ages of 40 and 60.

Lipomas are usually asymptomatic, but their presence can be detected through physical examination. Common characteristics and symptoms include:

  • Soft and Pliable: Lipomas feel soft and doughy to the touch. They move easily under the skin when pressed.
  • Painless: Most lipomas are not painful, but larger ones can press against nerves or other tissues, causing discomfort or pain.
  • Slow-Growing: Lipomas grow slowly over several months or years.
  • Shape and Size: Lipomas are typically round or oval and measure between 1 to 3 centimetres, though they can be larger.
    Location: Lipomas can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the upper body, arms, and thighs.

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing lipomas:
Genetics: A family history of lipomas or related genetic conditions increases the risk.

  • Age: Lipomas are more common in middle-aged and older adults.
  • Gender: Lipomas are slightly more prevalent in men than in women.
  • Obesity: While not a direct cause, obesity can be associated with the development of lipomas.

Treatment Options

Lipomas are generally benign and do not require treatment unless they cause pain, discomfort, or cosmetic concerns. Treatment options include:

  • Overview: For asymptomatic and small lipomas, a “watch and wait” approach may be recommended.
  • Procedure: Regular monitoring to check for any changes in size, shape, or symptoms. Patients should report any new symptoms or growth to their healthcare provider.
  • Overview: Surgical excision is the most common and definitive treatment for lipomas, particularly for those that are symptomatic, large, or cosmetically concerning.
  • Procedure: The area around the lipoma is numbed with local anaesthesia. A small incision is made over the lipoma, and the entire mass is carefully removed. The incision is then closed with stitches. This procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis and has a short recovery period.
  • Overview: Liposuction is an alternative method for removing large lipomas. This technique is less invasive than surgical excision.
  • Procedure: A small incision is made, and a thin tube called a cannula is inserted into the lipoma. The fatty tissue is then suctioned out. Liposuction may be less effective for firmer lipomas and carries a higher risk of incomplete removal.
  • Overview: Cryotherapy involves freezing the mole with liquid nitrogen, causing the cells to die and the mole to fall off.
  • Procedure: The liquid nitrogen is applied to the mole using a spray or a cotton swab. This method is suitable for small, superficial moles but is not commonly used for deeper or suspicious moles.

After lipoma removal, proper wound care is essential to promote healing and minimise the risk of infection. Post-removal care includes:

  • Wound Care: Keep the surgical site clean and dry. Follow the surgeon’s instructions for dressing changes and wound care.
  • Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, can help manage postoperative pain.
  • Avoiding Strenuous Activities: Limit physical activity and avoid heavy lifting until the wound has healed.
  • Monitoring for Complications: Watch for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or discharge from the wound. Contact your healthcare provider if any complications arise.
Lipomas that are completely removed are less likely to recur. However, patients with a genetic predisposition or certain conditions may develop new lipomas in different areas. Regular follow-up appointments can help monitor for any new growths and ensure proper healing of the surgical site.

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